International limit for public is 1 mSv per year

Yearly radiation dose by scattered and leakage radiation in first ongoing studies using phantoms at the radiographer position of 1-2 meters directly behind the X-ray tube is reported at the 2023 UNION Conference to be < 175 X-rays per day at 2.5 mAs < 1 mSv per year based on 260 working days per year assuming all X-rays at 90kV and 2.5 mAs

Possible measures to reduce PDX radiation

• Wear a lead apron and collar
• Use a long exposure cord or remote control
• Work in rotating teams and shifts
• Consider X-ray room design with staff at 90/270 position or in another room
• Higher mAs and shorter FFD can result in significant differences

WHIS-RAD multi-functional X-ray radiation safety aspects

Possible measures to reduce radiation

• Install latest flat Panel Detectors for ALARA
• Wear a lead apron and collar
• Use a shielded X-ray control room that meets international standards for protection against ionising radiation; complies with the local regulations
• If no (NRA compliant) X-ray room available at the hospital site place a turn-key 20 foot lead shielded X-ray container can be used
• X-ray can be installed in separate shielded room next to the operator with a shielded door
• Lead between the walls (interior and exterior) and other rooms of an x-ray room so lead-lining protects patients from radiation exposure from x-rays and gamma rays
• Lead protection X-ray compartment: min. 1 mm in outside walls, 2 mm in inside walls
• Lead lined doors in the X-ray room can be made with a layer of lead sandwiched between two sheets of wood as an effective barrier against radiation, while still allowing the door to function like a regular door